Editorial: How Elections Impact Philippine Architecture

Elections in the Philippines hold significant sway over not only the political landscape but also the physical and architectural developments of the nation. The way political leaders shape urban planning, development priorities, and infrastructure projects during and after election periods can leave lasting impacts on the built environment. Here are some of the ways elections can influence Philippine architecture:

1. Infrastructure Projects and Urban Planning

Elections often bring promises of grand infrastructure projects that candidates hope will elevate their profiles and attract voter support. The success or failure of these projects can have a lasting impact on the country’s architecture. A candidate might propose the construction of new roads, bridges, government buildings, public parks, and commercial hubs. However, these projects might also be influenced by political patronage, with certain areas or sectors receiving more investment due to political favoritism.

For example, during a presidential campaign, the national government might prioritize the completion of significant infrastructure projects that align with the administration’s goals. These include the construction of modern transport systems, smart cities, or green architecture, which reflect a contemporary approach to urban design.

2. Architectural Style Shifts

The political climate during elections can also lead to shifts in architectural styles. A change in leadership often brings about new ideas and aesthetics, with elected officials using architecture as a means to communicate their vision for the country. For example, a president who prioritizes modernization might encourage the construction of sleek, modern buildings and skyscrapers, while one who focuses on preserving national heritage may push for the restoration of historic sites or the development of buildings that embody Filipino culture.

In some cases, political ideologies may push for the symbolic use of architecture. For instance, during the 1965 administration, a rise in monumental structures that communicated the strength of the regime, such as the Cultural Center of the Philippines was seen. On the other hand, more progressive administrations may push for environmentally sustainable designs that reflect the importance of climate change, green living, and environmental justice.

3. Political Patronage and Local Development

Local elections often result in infrastructure and architectural projects that cater to the interests of local politicians. In areas where political dynasties are strong, politicians may prioritize architectural projects that bring attention to their political influence. A politician in a provincial town may advocate for the construction of public spaces, monuments, or government buildings that enhance the town’s visibility or boost the local economy. This type of development, however, can sometimes lead to an overemphasis on aesthetics, as politicians seek to create visual landmarks to showcase their power.

At the same time, electoral pressure can lead to the neglect of important architectural and infrastructure needs, such as affordable housing and social welfare facilities. Often, politicians will prioritize projects that are more visible and can be easily completed during their term, while neglecting long-term urban planning strategies that may be less glamorous but more necessary for the city’s growth.

4. Building Codes and Regulations

The election period can affect the enforcement and evolution of building codes and urban regulations. Elected officials have the power to influence policies that regulate architectural standards, construction practices, and zoning laws. These regulations can determine everything from the height and design of buildings to the density of urban areas. During elections, candidates may promise to ease regulations to encourage investment and development, which can result in rapid but often unsustainable urban expansion.

However, the political winds can also push for stricter regulations, especially in response to public concerns about environmental sustainability, safety, and cultural heritage. This can lead to the preservation of old buildings, more energy-efficient designs, and smarter urban growth.

5. The Role of the Filipino Identity in Architecture

In the Philippines, elections can influence how Filipino identity is reflected in architecture. Politicians often promote national pride, and architecture becomes a tool to foster unity and showcase cultural values. Filipino architecture may take on a nationalistic tone during certain election cycles, with the design of government buildings, monuments, and even public spaces celebrating indigenous Filipino culture, history, and traditions.

Public spaces such as plazas, libraries, and memorial parks are often designed or renovated to reflect a collective sense of national pride, and the architectural styles used may draw inspiration from indigenous designs or colonial history. This trend has been seen in various administrations, such as when the Aquino administration emphasized heritage preservation through initiatives like the National Museum’s development and the promotion of local craftsmanship.

6. Private Sector Development

Elections can also create a favorable environment for the private sector to take part in shaping the nation’s architectural landscape. In the lead-up to elections, private developers may anticipate new policies, tax incentives, or development zones introduced by politicians. This can lead to the construction of large commercial complexes, upscale residential developments, or mixed-use buildings. These private sector-driven developments, often in metropolitan areas like Metro Manila, can reshape the skyline and define the architectural character of cities for years to come.

However, the focus on private investment and profit may sometimes conflict with the public need for affordable housing, accessible public spaces, and sustainable community development. The influence of political decisions on zoning laws, land use, and the development of urban spaces can create disparities in the architectural fabric of the country.

7. Post-Election Urban Rebuilding

After elections, particularly those in which power shifts hands, the new administration may pursue a reevaluation of previous architectural projects. For example, certain urban renewal plans or architectural designs may be restructured or abandoned if they do not align with the new government’s goals. Post-election rebuilding often involves reconsidering development priorities, such as prioritizing disaster-resilient designs, climate-conscious architecture, or enhancing the public realm.

In disaster-prone areas like those in the Visayas and Mindanao regions, elections may bring renewed attention to the need for resilient and sustainable architecture. When a new political leadership takes over, efforts to rebuild may follow specific mandates aimed at long-term recovery, such as the construction of flood-resistant homes or earthquake-resistant infrastructure.

Conclusion

The influence of elections on Philippine architecture is undeniable, as political decisions shape the nation’s urban development, building styles, and the infrastructure that will serve citizens for years to come. Whether through the prioritization of grand projects, a shift in the architectural style of public buildings, or the strategic use of political power to create landmark structures, elections are a powerful force in the architectural identity of the country. It is crucial that, beyond the immediate goals of politicians, the long-term implications of these architectural changes are considered to ensure the sustainability, inclusivity, and cultural relevance of Philippine architecture for future generations.

Elections in the Philippines hold significant sway over not only the political landscape but also the physical and architectural developments of the nation. The way political leaders shape urban planning, development priorities, and infrastructure projects during and after election periods can leave lasting impacts on the built environment. Here are some of the ways elections…