Lake Lanao, located in the Northern Mindanao region of the Philippines, has been a source of fascination for centuries. It is one of the nation’s most significant ecological treasures, celebrated for its remarkable depth and stunning beauty. It is also notable for its rich cultural history, attracting enthusiasts of all stripes who are inspired by the legends from centuries past.
Ranao or Ranaw, as Maranaos call it, covers a colossal surface area of 340 km², making it the largest lake in Mindanao and the second largest in the Philippines. Moreover, as one of the 15 awe-inspiring ancient lakes known to humankind, Lake Lanao has long been a destination for fishing livelihoods and recreational activities.
Lake Lanao’s physical attributes can be described as follows:
The lake’s formation can be traced back to the tectonic and volcanic alterations of the surrounding mountainscape. It’s characterised by a maximum depth of 122 m (400 ft) and an average depth of 60.3 m (198 ft). The basin slopes gently towards the north, transitioning into a gradual incline as it extends to the south.
The lake is fed by four rivers, with its sole outlet being the Agus River. This waterway splits into two channels near Iligan Bay, with one path rushing over the Maria Cristina Falls and the other cascading over the Tinago Falls. Due to a hydroelectric plant on the Lanao Lake and Agus River system, 70% of the electricity utilised in Mindanao derives from this abundantly flowing water source.
The lake holds an immense mythological significance within the Maranao community. The etymology of the tribe’s name, Maranao, is derived from the lake since it signifies “the people who live around the lake”.
Lake Lanao’s Ecosystem: A vibrant example of Biodiversity
Home to 17 endemic cyprinid fish species in the genus Barbodes, Lake Lanao once thrived as a sanctuary for these magnificent creatures and served as a habitat for a wide range of waterfowl. However, overfishing, pollution and exotic breeds facilitated the extinction of 15 of these indigenous species. Despite a 1992 investigation that only found three endemic fish species, the population decline continued, leading to the possible demise of the B.lindog and B.sirang breeds. The blame was placed on poor waste management, agricultural activities, soil erosion from logging, and extensive land use. As the lake struggles with massive algae contamination, it serves as a reminder of the importance of balanced environmental practices and wildlife protection.
Preserving Lake Lanao: A Matter of Urgency
Lake Lanao in the Philippines holds great cultural importance, as it has long been considered a gateway to the Maranao Culture. Despite its vast significance, it has long been overlooked nationally and internationally, leading to a lack of awareness about this stunning landmark. By increasing awareness about Lake Lanao’s worth, we can take critical steps toward its protection and ensure that future generations can appreciate its natural beauty and cultural significance. Preserving the watershed, however, is a shared responsibility, and protecting Lake Lanao requires taking heroic strides through simple acts. To safeguard the environment and secure its place on this coveted list of World Heritage Sites, we must endeavour daily to make a tangible difference, recognising the remarkable beauty of this majestic crater lake deserving recognition from the international community.